Category: Court of Special Appeals Opinions

261 A.2d 794 CEDRIC RAY BRUNSON v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 161, September Term, 1969.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided February 18, 1970. EVIDENCE — Admissibility Of Fingerprint Evidence — Fingerprint Expert’s Statement Held Not So Prejudicial As To Require Mistrial. Fingerprint evidence found at the scene of a crime must be coupled with […]

642 A.2d 239 ALBERT P. WARNER, ET UX. v. EDGAR HOBBS GERMAN, JR., ET AL. No. 1319, September Term, 1993.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. April 29, 1994. Reconsideration Denied June 28, 1994. Appeal from the Circuit Court for Baltimore County, Leonard S. Jacobson, J. Page 513 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE […]

632 A.2d 214 ERIC SPENCER v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 1616, September Term, 1992.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. October 28, 1993. Appeal from the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County, Vincent Femia, J., Page 735 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT […]

485 A.2d 694 EDWARD L. BLANTON, JR. v. EQUITABLE BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION. Pre-docket No. 1265, September Term, 1984.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. January 4, 1985. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Baltimore County, Edward A. DeWaters, Jr., J. Page 159 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, […]

267 A.2d 261 GEORGE EDWARD RICE v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 375, September Term, 1969.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided June 24, 1970. RAPE — Elements Of Offense — Absence Of Consent — Admissibility Of Evidence Of Victim’s Immediate Complaint. Sound public policy does not require a woman to resist an unwanted sexual relationship […]

633 A.2d 410 ALGIA FORD, III v. GENERAL MOTORS ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION. No. 1990, September Term, 1992.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. December 1, 1993. Page 258 Appeal from the Circuit Court, Baltimore City, Thomas Ward, J. Edward Smith, Jr. (Cummings, Smith Dashiell, P.A., on the brief), Baltimore, for appellant. Lisa Walker Justis (Steven K. Fedder, […]

431 A.2d 738 GENE THOMAS MEYER v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 1536, September Term, 1980.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided July 9, 1981. CRIMINAL LAW — TRIALS — Right To Counsel — Effective Waiver Of Counsel — Maryland Rule 723 c — Standard Of Waiver — Must Demonstrate Accused Competent To Waive Right To […]

578 A.2d 844 THOMAS T. HANSFORD, SR. v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. No. 1764, September Term, 1989.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. September 5, 1990. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Prince George’s County, James F. Couch, Jr., J. Page 302 Gary M. Sidell (Leslie G. Fein and Crowley, Hoge Fein, P.C., on the brief), Washington, D.C., […]

490 A.2d 1315 FLOSSIE MAE REASER v. DONALD V. REASER. No. 1155, September Term, 1984.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. April 16, 1985. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Anne Arundel county, Bruce C. Williams, J. Page 644 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE […]

569 A.2d 210 CARL FRANKLIN CATLIN, III v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 711, September Term, 1989.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. February 7, 1990. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Montgomery County, William Cave, J. Page 635 Arthur A. DeLano, Jr., Asst. Public Defender (Alan H. Murrell, Public Defender, on the brief), Baltimore, for appellant. Audrey […]

328 A.2d 55 DOROTHY COPPOLINO ET AL. v. COUNTY BOARD OF APPEALS OF BALTIMORE COUNTY. JOHN L. ASKEW ET AL. v. COUNTY BOARD OF APPEALS OF BALTIMORE COUNTY. No. 67, September Term, 1974.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided November 18, 1974. ZONING — Alleged Error In Comprehensive Zoning — Scope Of Judicial Review — […]

426 A.2d 446 CHARLES ERIC LYONS v. PATRICIA ANN LYONS. No. 898, September Term, 1980.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided March 13, 1981. DIVORCE — Expiration Of Twelve Month Separation Period For Divorce A Vinculo Occurring After Supplemental Bill Filed Cannot Serve As Basis For Decree — Where Statutory Period Required To Support Divorce […]

441 A.2d 346 RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, INC. v. PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION OF MARYLAND ET AL. No. 326, September Term, 1981.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided January 7, 1982. PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION — Duty To Correct Prior Decision Where Grounded Upon Erroneous Application Of Law — Administrative Agency Must Correct Prior Decision, Where, Because Of Error […]

776 A.2d 25 EVELYN E. SADLER v. THE LOOMIS COMPANY No. 1356, September Term, 2000Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Filed: July 5, 2001 The Circuit Court, Anne Arundel County, Pamela L. North, J. Page 375 Affirmed Page 376 Allen W. Cohen (Cohen Greene, P.A., on the brief), Annapolis, for appellant. Robert J. Carson (Robert […]

343 A.2d 898 EDWARD W. PURVIS, THE YOUNGER v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 674, September Term, 1974.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided September 5, 1975. CRIMINAL LAW — EVIDENCE — Hearsay — Verbal Acts — Res Gestae — Generally, A Statement Is Admissible If Introduced For Purpose Of Showing That A Party Relied And […]

306 A.2d 564 KATHRYN A. WILLIAMS v. JIMMIE D. WILLIAMS. No. 604, September Term, 1972.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided July 9, 1973. SUPPORT OF DEPENDENTS — DIVORCE — Common Law Duty Of Father — Legitimacy — Support And Visitation Rights — Judicial Predetermination Of Paternity As Condition Precedent In Application Under Article 93, […]

971 A.2d 331 Zarzine WARDLAW v. STATE of Maryland. No. 1478 Sept. Term, 2007.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. May 8, 2009. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Baltimore City, Robert Kershaw, J. Page 441 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] Page […]

388 A.2d 930 WILLIAM L. BARTLETT v. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ET AL. No. 1082, September Term, 1977.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided July 13, 1978. CONTRACTS — RESCISSION — Sale Of Parcel Of Land — Mutual Mistake — Requisites Necessary To Establish Need For Rescission — Act Of Rescission Lies Within Sole Discretion Of […]

354 A.2d 449 RICHARD EDWARD HERBERT v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 745, September Term, 1975.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided March 31, 1976. BURGLARY — Attempted Storehouse Breaking — Motel — “Dwelling” — “Other Buildings” — Test As To Whether Or Not A Building Is A “Dwelling House” Is Whether Or Not It Is […]

551 A.2d 151 GREGORY McCLOUD v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 413, September Term, 1988.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. January 4, 1989. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Prince George’s County, Robert J. Woods, J. Page 529 J. Michael McLaughlin, Jr., Assigned Public Defender, Towson (Alan H. Murrell, Public Defender, Baltimore, on the brief), for appellant. […]

240 A.2d 332 RAYMOND JAMES DUCKETT, JOHN W. SMITH AND JAMES ISIAH LEE, JR. v. STATE OF MARYLAND. Nos. 31 and 182, September Term, 1967.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided April 5, 1968. ARREST — For Felony Without Warrant — Arrests Made Upon Invalid Warrants Held Lawful Where Officers Had Probable Cause. A police […]

971 A.2d 949 Deron Maurice WEBB v. STATE of Maryland. No. 2711, Sept. Term, 2007.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. May 12, 2009. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Howard County, Richard S. Bernhardt, J. Page 581 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT […]

234 A.2d 481 JOHN JOSEPH MAGNESS v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 249, Initial Term, 1967.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided November 3, 1967. CONFESSIONS — Miranda Rule Not Applied Retroactively. The warnings required by Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 Sup. Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966) were required only in trials beginning […]

243 A.2d 656 OTTWAY LEON CURTIS, SR., v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 353, September Term, 1967.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided July 2, 1968. JURY — Voir Dire Examination — Mere Asking Of Prospective Juror If He Has Conscientious Scruples Against Capital Punishment Is Not Unconstitutional. The mere asking of a prospective juror if […]

253 A.2d 395 THOMAS EDWARD GRAY v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 190, September Term, 1968.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided May 5, 1969. JURISDICTION — Subsequent Events Do Not Ordinarily Deprive Court Of Jurisdiction Once Lawfully Acquired — Circuit Court Not Excluded From Jurisdiction Over Juvenile Indicted For Capital Crime And Convicted Of Lesser […]

325 A.2d 156 DOLORES WEAVER GARRIS ET AL. v. J. VICTOR DICKEY ET AL. No. 854, September Term, 1973.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided September 18, 1974. TAX SALES — LACHES — Claim Of Constructive Fraud In Conduct Of Foreclosure — Jurisdiction — Evidence Found Sufficient To Support Chancellor’s Finding That Long Unexcused Delay […]

594 A.2d 606 IN RE GUARDIANSHIP NO. 89-CA-9865 IN THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR HOWARD COUNTY. No. 1157, September Term, 1990.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. August 29, 1991. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Howard County, J. Thomas Nissel, J. Page 192 William H. Morstein, Ellicott City, for appellant Sally Clemons. J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Atty. […]

653 A.2d 994 DONALD WAYNE CALDWELL v. CONNIE ANN CALDWELL. No. 837, September Term, 1994.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. February 13, 1995. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Frederick County, G. Edward Dwyer, Jr., J. Page 453 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE […]

484 A.2d 1043 HENRY M. EBERLY, ET UX. v. LARRY S. BALDUCCI AND JOSEPH P. McMAHON, TRUSTEES. No. 378, September Term, 1984.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. December 11, 1984. Certiorari Granted April 9, 1985. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Prince George’s County, Robert H. Mason, J. Page 81 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. […]

443 A.2d 978 ROSE MARY WADMAN, TRUSTEE UNDER THE WILL OF ALTON J. WADMAN ET AL. v. THOMAS R. McBIRNEY ET AL. No. 978, September Term, 1981.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided April 8, 1982. CORPORATIONS — Stock — Attempt By Stockholders By Grant Of Alleged “Irrevocable Proxy” To Maintain Control Of Corporation Held […]

750 A.2d 677 HUDSON MAYBERRY, III v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. No. 740, September Term, 1999.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Filed: April 28, 2000. Page 687 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] Page 688 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS […]

845 A.2d 60 CHRISTOPHER T. LIZZI v. WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY. No. 420, September Term, 2002.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Filed: December 22, 2003. Reconsideration Denied March 8, 2004. Page 2 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] Page 3 […]

754 A.2d 441 VINCENT DAS v. ANURADHA DAS. No. 2319, September Term, 1999.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Filed: June 28, 2000. Page 2 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] Page 3 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT […]

924 A.2d 336 Carl Eugene JONES, Jr. v. STATE of Maryland. No. 851, September Term, 2005.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. June 4, 2007. Appeal from the trial court, Anne Arundel County, Goetzke, J. Page 59 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT […]

272 A.2d 64 PERRY CLYDE BATEMAN v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 6, September Term, 1970.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided January 7, 1971. JURY — Instructions To Jury — Duty Of Court To Give Advisory Instruction On Every Essential Question Supported By Evidence. It is incumbent upon the trial court, when requested in a […]

971 A.2d 345 Jose HENRIQUEZ v. Ana S. HENRIQUEZ. No. 1774, Sept. Term, 2007.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. May 8, 2009. Reconsideration Denied June 10, 2009. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Montgomery County, Durke Thompson, J. Page 466 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE […]

864 A.2d 201 NATIONWIDE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY v. Gail ANDERSON, Individually, etc. No. 2055, September Term, 2003.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. December 23, 2004. Reconsideration Denied January 27, 2005. Appeal from the Superior Court, Prince George’s County, Toni E. Clarke, J. Page 349 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL […]

473 A.2d 1289 WILLIAM HARRY SPROATES, JR. v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 975, September Term, 1983.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. April 13, 1984. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Kent County, George B. Rasin, Jr. Chief Judge. Page 548 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE […]

338 A.2d 912 LEE ANDREW McMORRIS v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 932, September Term, 1974.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided June 5, 1975. CRIMINAL LAW — APPEAL — INSTRUCTIONS TO JURY — SENTENCE —Incompetency Of Counsel — Prejudice Of Court And Jury — No Exception Having Been Taken To Court’s Charge, Suggested Error Is […]

336 A.2d 818 EDITH H. WALLICK v. ROBERT D. WALLICK. No. 872, September Term, 1974.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided May 1, 1975. APPEAL — Service Of Order For Appeal Upon Other Parties — Appeal Dismissed Where Appellant Did Not Serve Copy Of Order For Appeal Upon Appellee — Maryland Rule 1011 a. pp. […]

943 A.2d 108 Kevin MOONEY v. UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF MARYLAND. No. 302, September Term, 2007.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. March 3, 2008. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Prince George’s County, Dwight D. Jackson, J. Page 638 Gordon S. Young (Jeremy S. Friedberg on the brief), Owings Mills, for Appellant. Sally L. Swann (Douglas F. […]

442 A.2d 191 MICHAEL GARY MARTIN v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 1709, September Term, 1980.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided March 4, 1982. SEARCHES AND SEIZURES — Alleged Illegal Stop And Seizure — Held That Under Rationale Of Anderson v. State That Predicate For Stop Of Accused Did Not Give Rise To Reasonable, Articulable […]

346 A.2d 488 W. LESTER DAVIS ET AL. v. CLAIBORNE E. CORBIN. No. 906, September Term, 1974.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided October 31, 1975. EVIDENCE — WITNESSES — Dead Man’s Statute — Admissibility Under Dead Man’s Statute Of Testimony Of Plaintiff Concerning Transaction With Defendant Alleged To Be Incompetent — Courts Article Section […]

400 A.2d 1159 BRUCE LEONARD FISHER v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 1097, September Term, 1978.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided May 11, 1979. CRIMINAL LAW — Right To Jury Trial — Waiver — Maryland Rule 735 d Requires That Defendant Has Made His Election For A Court Trial “With Full Knowledge” Of His Right […]

964 A.2d 726 FIDELITY AND DEPOSIT COMPANY OF MARYLAND v. GLADWYNNE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, et al. No. 2725, September Term, 2007.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. February 5, 2009. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Baltimore City, Holland, J. Page 230 William P. Pearce (Gerard P. Sunderland, Whiteford, Taylor Preston, LLP, on brief), Baltimore, for Appellant. Andrew […]

572 A.2d 562 COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY v. ARMCO EXPORT SALES CORPORATION, ET AL. No. 1145, September Term, 1989.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. May 1, 1990. Appeal from the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Meyer N. Cardin, J. Page 430 John K. Barry, Asst. Atty. Gen., Annapolis (J. Joseph Curran, Atty. Gen., Baltimore, and […]

440 A.2d 429 COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY v. CITIZENS FOR HOYER. No. 788, September Term, 1981.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided February 8, 1982. TAXATION — Admission And Amusement Taxes — Article 81, § 402 (a) — Assessment Of — Out Of Proceeds Received From Political Fund Raiser — Furnishing Performance Under Act — […]

399 A.2d 908 THE EQUITABLE TRUST COMPANY ET AL. v. STATE OF MARYLAND COMMISSION ON HUMAN RELATIONS. No. 95, September Term, 1978.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided April 10, 1979. HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSION — Subpoena Power — Validity And Enforceability Of — Article 49B — Claimed Lack Of Particularity In Complaint Under § 9 […]

931 A.2d 534 Neil Morano MONTGOMERY v. STATE of Maryland. No. 2554, September Term, 2005.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. September 7, 2007. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Charles County, Nalley, J. Page 640 Julia D. Barnhart (Nancy Forster, Public Defender, on brief), for appellant. Steven Holcomb (J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Atty. Gen., on brief), […]

256 A.2d 892 JON FREDERICK PEARSON v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 28, September Term, 1969.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided October 3, 1969. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — Right To Counsel — Provisions Of Rule 719 Are Mandatory — Waiver Of Right — Conviction Reversed Where Court Failed To Inquire Whether Accused Wanted Counsel. The provisions […]

447 A.2d 493 IN RE: WILLIAM G. No. 1418, September Term, 1981.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided July 12, 1982. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — “Facial Vagueness” — Penal Statute Must State With Reasonable Clarity The Acts It Proscribes — Terms Of Penal Statute Creating A New Offense Must Be Sufficiently Explicit To Inform Those Who […]

931 A.2d 537 Allan J. CULVER v. MARYLAND INSURANCE COMMISSIONER. No. 2508, September Term, 2005.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. September 7, 2007. Page 646 [EDITORS’ NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] Page 647 Allan J. Culver, Bel Air, pro se. Kathleen […]

360 A.2d 443 JOHN HENRY SQUIRE v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 1171, September Term, 1975.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided July 23, 1976. CRIMINAL LAW — INSTRUCTIONS TO JURY — APPEAL — Jury Instructions In Case Tried After Mullaney v. Wilbur Which Violated The Principles Announced In That Case In Placing Burden On Defendant […]

251 A.2d 40 CHARLES J. LUTHARDT v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 194, September Term, 1968.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided March 10, 1969. APPEAL — Question Not Properly Preserved For Appeal. The question of the constitutionality of Code (1957), Art. 27, § 123 was not before the Court of Special Appeals, where it had […]

304 A.2d 853 CHRISTINE HOWARD v. STATE OF MARYLAND. No. 513, September Term, 1972.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided June 1, 1973. PLEADING — Guilty Plea — Knowledge Of Maximum Sentence — Record Must Show Accused Knew Maximum Sentence To Which He Was Subjecting Himself Before A Tendered Plea Of Guilty Can Be Accepted […]

660 A.2d 929 MARYLAND AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE FUND v. ERIE INSURANCE EXCHANGE. No. 1089, September Term, 1994.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. June 28, 1995. Appeal from the Circuit Court, Montgomery County, William C. Miller, J. Page 378 Christopher A. Conte (Lipshultz and Hone, Chartered, on the brief), Silver Spring, for appellant. C. Elliott Wilson, III […]

337 A.2d 210 JAMES EDWARD JOHNSON ET AL. v. CHRYSLER CREDIT CORPORATION. GIRARD FORCELLA, JR. ET AL. v. FORD MOTOR CREDIT COMPANY. Nos. 789, 790, September Term, 1974.Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. Decided May 6, 1975. RETAIL INSTALLMENT SALES ACT — Prohibition Under Section 130 Of Article 83 Known As “Insecure” Clause — Class […]